Notes and Annotations

Yin Hsiang. The sprite of the water. Dragon-like in appearance. Pi Fang. The sprite of the wood. A hamadry. It has a bird-like appearance: red claws: does not eat grain. Fen Yang. The sprite of the soil. Rain naiad. 31. The title for Shen Nung ### Emperor. The Chinese Characters are ### not the Yen Ti mentioned in the beginning of the essay. 32. Hou Chi ### Disliked at birth by his mother who threw him away, hence the name of (ch‛i ###), thrown away. Under emperor Yao he was instructor in agriculture and Minister of p. 267 Agriculture under emperor Shun. Hou Ch‛i the title of the Ministry was given to the holder for his merits and he was known by that name ever after. 33. T‛ai Miao. The family temple where Emperors worship ancestors. Ming Tang,—Grand hall built in a palace where grand ceremonies were to be held,—offerings to Heaven, worshipping of ancestors, interviewing dukes, honoring worthy persons and aged people, etc. GENERALSHIP. DISSERTATION VII.—Pp. 181-218. The law of naturalness should be followed. An efficient army is not the chief factor in winning victory. The chief factor is a spiritual one. Essay 75. 1. All these examples are famous episodes in ancient history. 2. Duke Hunan ### of Ch‛i ### d. B.C. 643, the most celebrated of the 5 chieftains in the 7th century B.C. 3. May the Tao mean the movements of the mind in this essay? The definition immediately following gives a clue.

3. May the Tao mean the movements of the mind in this essay? The definition immediately following gives a clue. 4. That is, the principles underlying all. Round and square imply wholeness and measureless. 5. Whole creation. Perhaps limitless. 6. Enlightenment. Shen ming. ### means Tao, God. It has other meanings. Shen ### the spirit of a man, the soul: ming ### enlightened. The soul that has been in contact with the tao is, therefore, enlightened. 7. The war drum played an important part in the army. Used for carrying out commands, direct a charge, etc. It was not used except in war and to sound victory. 8. Imbued with the Tao. This implies that the country walk in the way of the Tao, in righteousness and justice. 9. Temple. In ancient times Heaven represented the unseen God. The emperor represented Heaven, so son of Heaven. The temple and Ming Tang were most sacred and solemn places for dealing with great events, political, military and educational, etc., and showed that the emperor did all in the sight of Heaven. 10. Officers of works. 11. The son of the great Ch‛in Shih Huang. 12. Ah Fang. Most famous palace of antiquity, built by Ch‛in p. 268 Shih Huang, but burnt down by the revolutionists, a few years later. 13. Hu Hai. Second son of Ch‛in Shih Huang. 209-206 B.C. 14. Chou ###. The notoriously wicked emperor, the last of the Shang dynasty. 1154 B.C. 15. Geomantic references: right land lucky days: may have moral references.

15. Geomantic references: right land lucky days: may have moral references. 16. The army must be trained in moral efficiency. 17. Ancestral temple. Sacred spot of empire for cultivation of high principles, and the spot for thinking out things. 18. High morale. The army that is touched with the tao is just and righteous. It cannot be tricked and deceived. Men are strong when they have the tao. 19. Sustain T‛aishan. The great power against evil. The mountain is in Shantung. 20. The mind the invisible. The word is wu ###; not, i.e., it is not material. 21. Underground, ###, yellow grave, the upper layer of hell, deepest layer of earth. 22. Ch‛iu is simply hill here and not the Ch‛iu hill. 22a. Star of destiny. ### divination. Calculate the future. Fate uncertain. 23. The text is taoli not tao. Tao li may mean right principles or read as two words. 24. Deer refers to, and are similar to, an army without art and method; fish and lobster symbolise the army scattered; swan and heron show the army is on high ground, without cover. 25. No source. wu yuen, i.e., before pullulating into visibility. 26. Geomancy. To harmonise the plan with nature. 27. Ming Tang. The Ming should be omitted. Tang a grand hall, always open, and so the light of sun and moon always to be seen there. {The following four notes are not referenced in the text.} 28. A general of king Wu. 29. Possibly means that the general, commander and king are one and the same.

29. Possibly means that the general, commander and king are one and the same. 30. Muddled by deep plans. 31. The great hammer. Shows the army unbeaten, and, in being. 32. Absolute power is given to the Commander. 33. Pare the nails. Done only for the dead. Conquer or die is the idea. 34. The door through which the dead are carried out. 35. Calico, the sign of mourning. The implication is not defeat but that injustice may have happened in the war. But some imply the passage means defeat. 36. {This note is not printed in the book.} p. 269 ENDEAVOUR AND DUTY. DISSERTATION VIII.—Pp. 219-242 This is Essay 19 in the Chinese text. You, will note the great liberality of thought that is here revealed. There is no die-hard rigidity in sticking to tradition. They looked with open minds on the world and were prepared to accommodate institutions to the times. 1. These five are Shen Nung ### 2838. B.C. Yao of T‛ang ### 2357 B.C. Shun of Yü ### 2255 B.C. Great Yu of Hsia ### 2205 B.C. T‛ang of Shang ### 1766 B.C. {2a.} In the 4th paragraph there is (a) People of the black teeth, they of Formosa, Japan, Annam (b) Cloven footed: so called because of the local pronounciation, the foot and name of place being similar in sound. They are the Annamese. 2. Chi Kun. Read, Transported (chi). Chi is not a part of name. Kun father of Yü who was executed by Yao at Yu m't. 3. See article in Journal R.A.S. by Rev. G. G. Warren. Vol. 46. P. 77.

3. See article in Journal R.A.S. by Rev. G. G. Warren. Vol. 46. P. 77. 4. Yi-Yin was a prominent minister of Emperor T‛ang, of Shang dynasty who administered all national affairs on the principles of the Tao. 5. Lü Wang. His first name Chiang (###) who utilised the principles of the tao, in carrying out his military and political plans, to unite the empire for the emperor Wu Wang. It is said that he was 83 years of age when power was delegated to him to act. His work, Six Principles (###) are looked upon as classical up to this day, though they are hard to be understood. 6. Pei Li-hsi, a man of great ability: almost a sage. He had been most unlucky before he fell into the hands of Duke Ch‛in (###), who bought him for 5 pieces of goat skin, while he was a slave in the duchy of Ts‛u (###). The ascendency of Emperor Shih Huang Ti owed much of its success to the administrative work of this minister. N. B. Mencius should be consulted on these illustrations. Bk. V: Pt. 1. C. 8, IX, 2. 7. Kuan Chung. He was criticised for not dying with his prince and defended his action that he was worth more alive than dead to his country. 8. Referring to Great Yü who dealt with the flood and Hou Chi who devised a system of agriculture, and herbs for medicine. 9. V. Notes 2 and 3. 9a. {This note is not printed in the book. See note 2(?).} 12. So education would be useless. 13. Famous founder of the Chou dynasty, Hero of Confucius.

13. Famous founder of the Chou dynasty, Hero of Confucius. 14. Kan chiang and Mo Yeh (hsieh). Two famous swords. 14a. Lit. the zenith of the 9th heaven, and, the bottom of the yellow spring—the nether world. The two extremities. p. 270 15. The ancient yüeh ### people: covers chiefly Chekiang, also Fukien; Annam, Canton, etc., were barbarous then. 16. Kao Yao. The Gaol warden of Emperor Shun. 2204 B.C. 17. Shih Huang or Chieh Hang named Ch‛ang Chieh ### the initiator of Chinese handwriting. Suggested by the footprints of birds on mud. Some say discovered from the marks on the back of tortoise. 18. {This note is not printed in the book.} 19. Yung Ch‛eng ###. Ancient astronomer who had charge of the Calendar under Huang Ti (Yellow emperor). 2698 B.C. 20. Hu Ts‛ao ###. Court officer of Huang Ti. Invented the mode of clothes. 21. I Ti ###. A man of the time of Great Yü. Yü's daughter told him to make wine. After tasting it, Yü discharged the maker by way of punishment, saying, it would be the cause of distress to the world. 22. Hsi Chung ###, Officer of Great Yü, the inventor of carpentry. 23. Li Chu ###. Of the time of Huang Ti. Had the keenest sight. 24. Nan Yung Chou ###. Double surname. A zealous Taoist of Shantung. 25. Ta Hsin ###. A brave young general of Ch‛u ###, by name Te Ch‛en ###. 26. Shen Pao Hsü ###. A loyal minister of Ch‛u. 27. Wen Tzû-fa. The Wellington of China. 28. Odes Pt. 2 Bk. 1 Ode 3.

29. Plausible speaker. Better perhaps, Faithful followers of Tao. 30. Chant them, without understanding their import. 31. {This note is not printed in the book.} 32. Luh Pan ###. A skilful carpenter in Shantung. Hence name Luh. 33. Chung Tzu-chi ###. A chopper of wood by profession, but became the sage in music. He could divine the author's mind from hearing his music. His friend Pei ya, another expert in music. These men attached to Tao through their gifts in music. 34. {This note is not printed in the book.} 35. Chuang Tzû ### named Chou ###. 3rd & 4th cent. B.C. A native of Meng, Anhui. He devoted his life to the glorification of Lao Tzû. A most distinguished Taoist and a great scholar. He refused to accept post of Prime Minister of the Ch‛u State, on the ground that he had no wish to be the fattened ox for sacrifice. He wished to be buried under the open sky and not under ground. To be eaten by kites was better than by ants etc: 36-38. The text contains all that is known of them. 39. Li Ch‛i ### a prominent musician in ancient Peking. 40. Hung Fan ### Written by Chi Tzû containing the principles or laws of Heaven for the world and presented to Wu Wang. V. Book of History. Shang Sung ###. Songs of praise used in the worship of past emperors.