Book Ten

When they bestowed the Dawns and let the waters flow, and when thou didst chastise dragons at Kutsa's call. 2 Thou sentest forth productive powers, clavest the hills, thou dravest forth the kine, thou drankest pleasant meath. Thou gavest increase through this Tree's surpassing might. The Sun shone by the hymn that sprang from Holy Law. 3 In the mid-way of heaven the Sun unyoked his car: the Arya found a match to meet his Dam foe. Associate with Rjisvan Indra overthrew the solid forts of Pipru, conjuring Asura. 4 He boldly cast down forts which none had e'er assailed: unwearied he destroycd the godless treasure-stores. Like Sun and Moon he took the stronghold's wealth away, and, praised in song, demolished foes with flashing dart. 5 Armed with resistless weapons, with vast power to cleave, the Vrtra-slayer whets his darts and deals fordi wounds. Bright Usas was afraid of Indra's slaughtering bolt: she went upon her way and left her chariot there. 6 These are thy famous exploits, only thine, when thou alone hast left the other reft of sacrifice. Thou in the heavens hast set the ordering of the Moons: the Father bears the felly portioned out by thee. HYMN CXXXIX. Savitar. 1. SAVITAR, golden-haired, hath lifted eastward, bright With the sunbeams, his eternal lustre; He in whose energy wise Pusan marches, surveying all existence like a herdsman. 2 Beholding men he sits amid the heaven filling the two world-halves and air's wide region.

2 Beholding men he sits amid the heaven filling the two world-halves and air's wide region. He looks upon the rich far-spreading pastures between the eastern and the western limit. 3 He, root of wealth, the gatherer-up of treasures, looks with his might on every form and figure. Savitar, like a God.whose Law is constant, stands in the battle for the spoil like Indra. 4 Waters from sacrifice came to the Gandharva Visvavasu, O Soma, when they saw him. Indra, approaching quickly, marked their going, and looked around upon the Sun's enclosures. 5 This song Visvavasu shall sing us, meter of air's mid-realm celestial Gandharva, That we may know aright both truth and falsehood: may he inspire our thoughts and help our praises. 6 In the floods' track he found the bootyseeker: the rocky cow-pen's doors he threw wide open. These, the Gandharva told him, Rowed with Amrta. Indra knew well the puissancc of the dragons. HYMN CXL. Agni. 1. AGNI, life-power and fame are thine: thy fires blaze mightily, thou rich in wealth of beams! Sage, passing bright, thou givest to the worshipper, with strength, the food that merits laud. 2 With brilliant, purifying sheen, with perfect sheen thou liftest up thyself in light. Thou, visiting both thy Mothers, aidest them as Son: thou joinest close the earth and heaven. 3 O Jatavedas, Son of Strength, rejoice ihyself, gracious, in our fair hymns and songs. In thee are treasured various forms of strengthening food, born nobly and of wondrous help.

In thee are treasured various forms of strengthening food, born nobly and of wondrous help. 4 Agni, spread forth, as Ruler, over living things: give wealth to us, Immortal God. Thou shinest out from beauty fair to look upon: thou leadest us to conquering power. 5 To him, the wise, who orders sacrifice, who hath great riches un der his control, Thou givest blest award of good, and plenteous food, givest him wealth that conquers all. 6 The men have set before them them for their welfare Agni, strong, visible to all, the Holy. Thee, Godlike One, with ears to hear, most famous, men's generations magnify with praise-songs. HYMN CXLI. Visvedevas. 1. TURN hither, Agni, speak to us: come to us with a gracious mind. Enrich us, Master of the house: thou art the Giver of our wealth. 2 Let Aryarnan vouchsafe us wealth, and Bhaga, and Brhaspati. Let the Gods give their gifts, and let Sunrta, Goddess, grant us wealth. 3 We call King Soma to our aid, and Agni with our songs and hymns, Adityas, Visnu, Surya, and the Brahman Priest Brhaspati. 4 Indra, Vayu, Brhaspati, Gods swift to listen, we invoke, That in the synod all the folk may be benevolent to us. 5 Urge Aryaman to send us gifts, and Indra, and Brhaspati, Vata, Visnu, Sarasvati and the Strong Courser Savitar. 6 Do thou, O Agni, with thy fires strengthen our prayer and sacrifice: Urge givers to bestow their wealth to aid our service of the Gods.

Urge givers to bestow their wealth to aid our service of the Gods. HYMN CXLII. Agni. 1. WITH thee, O Agni, was this singer of the laud: he hath no other kinship, O thou Son of Strength. Thou givest blessed shelter with a triple guard. Keep the destructive lightning far away from us. 2 Thy birth who seekest food is in the falling flood, Agni: as Comrade thou winnest all living things. Our coursers and our songs shall be victorious: they of themselves advance like one who guards the herd. 3 And thou, O Agni, thou of Godlike nature, sparest the stones, while caring up the brushwood. Then are thy tracks like deserts in the corn-lands. Let us not stir to wrath thy mighty arrow. 4 O'er hills through vales devouring as thou goest, thou partest like an army fain for booty As when a barber shaves a beard, thou shavest earth when the wind blows on thy flame and fans it. 5 Apparent are his lines as he approaches the course is single, but the cars are many, When, Agni, thou, making thine arms resplendent, advancest o'er the land spread out beneath thee. 6 Now let thy strength, thy burning flames fly upward, thine energies, O Agni, as thou toilest. Gape widely, bend thee, waxing in thy vigour: let all the Vasus sit this day beside thee. 7 This is the waters' reservoir, the great abode of gathered streams. Take thou another path than this, and as thou listest walk thereon. 8 On thy way hitherward and hence let flowery Durva grass spring up

8 On thy way hitherward and hence let flowery Durva grass spring up Let there be lakes with lotus blooms. These are the mansions of the flood. HYMN CXLIII. Asvins. 1. YE made that Atri, worn with eld, free as a horse to win the goal. When ye restored to youth and strength Kaksivan like a car renewed, 2 Ye freed that Atri like a horse, and brought him newly-born to earth. Ye loosed him like a firm-tied knot which Gods unsoiled by dust had bound. 3 Heroes who showed most wondrous power to Atri, strive to win fair songs; For then, O Heroes of the sky, your hymn of praise shall cease no more. 4 This claims your notice, Bounteous Gods! - oblation, Asvins! and our love, That ye, O Heroes, in the fight may bring us safe to ample room. 5 Ye Twain to Bhujyu tossed about in ocean at the region's end, Nasatyas, with your winged sterds came nigh, and gave him strength to win. 6 Come with your joys, most liberal Gods, Lords of all treasures, bringing weal. Like fresh full waters to a well, so, Heroes come and be with us. HYMN CXLIV. Indra. 1. THIS deathless Indu, like a steed, strong and of full vitality, Belongs to thee, the Orderer. 2 Here, by us, for the worshipper, is the wise bolt that works with skill. It brings the bubbling beverage as a dexterous man brings the effectual strong drink. 3 Impetuous Ahisuva, a bull among cows of his, looked down upon the restless Hawk. 4 That the strong-pinioned Bird hath brought, Child of the Falcon, from afar,

4 That the strong-pinioned Bird hath brought, Child of the Falcon, from afar, What moves upon a hundred wheels along the female Dragon's path. 5 Which, fair, unrobbed, the Falcon brought thee in his foot, the red-hued dwelling of the juice; Through this came vital power which lengthens out our days, and kinship through its help awoke. 6 So Indra is by lndu's power; e'en among Gods will it repel great treachery. Wisdom, Most Sapient One, brings force that lengthens life. May wisdom bring the juice to us. HYMN CXLV. Sapatnibadhanam. 1. FROM out the earth I dig this plant, a herb of most effectual power, Wherewith one quells the rival wife and gains the husband for oneself. 2 Auspicious, with expanded leaves, sent by the Gods, victorious plant, Blow thou the rival wife away, and make my husband only mine. 3 Stronger am 1, O Stronger One, yea, mightier than the mightier; And she who is my rival wife is lower than the lowest dames. 4 Her very name I utter not: she takes no pleasure in this man. Far into distance most remote drive we the rival wife away. 5 I am the conqueror, and thou, thou also act victorious: As victory attends us both we will subdue my fellow-wife. 6 I have gained thee for vanquisher, have grasped thee with a stronger spell. As a cow hastens to her calf, so let thy spirit speed te me, hasten like water on its way. HYMN CXLVI. Aranyani. 1. GODDESS of wild and forest who seemest to vanish from the sight.

1. GODDESS of wild and forest who seemest to vanish from the sight. How is it that thou seekest not the village? Art thou not afraid? 2 What time the grasshopper replies and swells the shrill cicala's voice, Seeming to sound with tinkling bells, the Lady of the Wood exults. 3 And, yonder, cattle seem to graze, what seems a dwelling-place appears: Or else at eve the Lady of the Forest seems to free the wains. 4 Here one is calling to his cow, another there hath felled a tree: At eve the dweller in the wood fancies that somebody hath screamed. 5 The Goddess never slays, unless some murderous enemy approach. Man eats of savoury fruit and then takes, even as he wills, his rest. 6 Now have I praised the Forest Queen, sweet-scented, redolent of balm, The Mother of all sylvan things, who tills not but hath stores of food. HYMN CXLVII Indra. 1. I TRUST in thy first wrathful deed, O Indra, when thou slewest Vrtra and didst work to profit man; What time the two world-halves fell short of thee in might, and the earth trembled at thy force, O Thunder-anned. 2 Thou with thy magic powers didst rend the conjurer Vrtra, O Blameless One, with heart that longed for fame. Heroes elect thee when they battle for the prey, thee in all sacrifices worthy of renown. 3 God Much-invoked, take pleasure in these princes here, who, thine exalters, Maghavan, have come to wealth. In synods, when the rite succeeds, they hymn the Strong for sons and progeny and riches undisturbed.

In synods, when the rite succeeds, they hymn the Strong for sons and progeny and riches undisturbed. 4 That man shall find delight in well-protected wealth whose care provides for him the quick-sought joyous draught. Bringing oblations, strengthened Maghavan, by thee, he swiftly wins the spoil with heroes in the fight. 5 Now for our band, O Maghavan, when lauded, make ample room with might, and grant us riches. Magician thou, our Varuna and Mitra, deal food to us, O Wondrous, as Dispenser. HYMN CXLVIII. Indra. 1. WHEN we have pressed the juice we laud thee, Indra, and when, Most Valorous we have won the booty. Bring us prosperity, as each desires it under thine own protection may we conquer. 2 Sublime from birth, mayst thou O Indra, Hero, with Surya overcome the Dasa races. As by a fountain's side, we bring the Soma that lay concealed, close-hidden in the waters. 3 Answer the votary's hymns, for these thou knowest, craving the Rsis' prayer, thyself a Singer May we be they who take delight in Somas: these with sweet food for thee, O Chariot-rider. 4 These holy prayers, O Indra, have I sung thee: grant to the men the strength of men, thou Hero. Be of one mind with those in whom thou joyest: keep thou the singers safe and their companions. 5 Listen to Prthi's call, heroic Indra, and be thou lauded by the hymns of Venya, Him who hath sung thee to thine oil-rich dwelling, whose rolling songs have sped thee like a torrent.

Him who hath sung thee to thine oil-rich dwelling, whose rolling songs have sped thee like a torrent. HYMN CXLIX. Savitar. 1. SAVITAR fixed the earth with bands to bind it, and made heaven stedfast where no prop supported. Savitar milked, as 'twere a restless courser, air, sea bound fast to what no foot had trodden. 2 Well knoweth Savitar, O Child of Waters, where ocean, firmly fixt, o'erflowed its limit. Thence sprang the world, from that uprose the region: thence heaven spread out and the wide earth expanded. 3 Then, with a full crowd of Immortal Beings, this other realm came later, high and holy. First, verily, Savitar's strong-pinioned Eagle was born: and he obeys his law for ever. 4 As warriors to their steeds, kine to their village, as fond milk giving cows approach their youngling, As man to wife, let Savitar come downward to us, heaven's bearer, Lord of every blessing. 5 Like the Angirasa Hiranvastupa, I call thee, Savitar, to this achievement: So worshipping and lauding thee for favour I watch for thee as for the stalk of Soma. HYMN CL. Agni. 1. THOU, bearer of oblations, though kindled, art kindled for the Gods. With the Adityas, Rudras, Vasus, come to us: to show us favour come to us. 2 Come hither and accept with joy this sacrifice and hymn of ours. O kindled God, we mortals are invoking thee, calling on thee to show us grace. 3 I laud thee Jatavedas, thee Lord of all blessings, with my song.

3 I laud thee Jatavedas, thee Lord of all blessings, with my song. Agni, bring hitherward the Gods whose Laws we love, whose laws we love, to show us grace. 4 Agni the God was made the great High-Priest of Gods, Rsis have kindled Agni, men of mortal mould. Agni I invocate for winning ample wealth. kindly disposed for winning wealth. 5 Atri and Bharadvaja and Gavisthira, Kanva and Trasadasyu, in our fight he helped. On Agni calls Vasistha, even the household priest, the household priest to win his grace. HYMN CLI. Faith. 1. By Faith is Agni kindled, through Faith is oblation offered up. We celebrate with praises Faith upon the height of happiness. 2 Bless thou the man who gives, O Faith; Faith, bless the man who fain would give. Bless thou the liberal worshippers: bless thou the word that I have said. 3 Even as the Deities maintained Faith in the mighty Asuras, So make this uttered wish of mine true for the liberal worshippers. 4 Guarded by Vayu, Gods and men who sacrifice draw near to Faith. Man winneth Faith by yearnings of the heart, and opulence by Faith. 5 Faith in the early morning, Faith at noonday will we invocate, Faith at the setting of the Sun. O Faith, endow us with belief. HYMN CLII. Indra. 1. A MIGHTY Governor art thou, Wondrous, Destroyer of the foe, Whose friend is never done to death, and never, never overcome. 2 Lord of the clan, who brings us bliss, Strong, Warrior, Slayer of the fiend,

2 Lord of the clan, who brings us bliss, Strong, Warrior, Slayer of the fiend, May India, Soma-drinker, go before us, Bull who gives us peace. 3 Drive Raksasas and foes away, break thou in pieces Vrtra'sjaws: O Vrtra-slaying Indra, quell the foeman's wrath who threatens us. 4 O Indra, beat our foes away, humble the men who challenge us: Send down to nether darkness him who seeks to do us injury. 5 Baffle the foeman's plan, ward off his weapon who would conquer us. Give shelter from his furious wrath, and keep his murdering dart afar. HYMN CLIII. Indra. 1. SWAYING about, the Active Ones came nigh to Indra at his birth, And shared his great heroic might. 2 Based upon strength and victory and power, O Indra is thy birth: Thou, Mighty One, art strong indeed. 3 Thou art the Vrtra-slayer, thou, Indra, hast spread the firmament: Thou hast with might upheld the heavens. 4 Thou, Indra, bearest in thine arms the lightning that accords with thee, Whetting thy thunderbolt with might. 5 Thou, Indra, art preeminent over all creatures in thy might: Thou hast pervaded every place. HYMN CLIV. New Life. 1. FOR some is Soma purified, some sit by sacrificial oil: To those for whom the meath flows forth, even to those let him depart. 2 Invincible through Fervour, those whom Fervour hath advanced to heaven, Who showed great Fervour in their lives, -even to those let him depart. 3 The heroes who contend in war and boldly cast their lives away,

3 The heroes who contend in war and boldly cast their lives away, Or who give guerdon thousandfold, -even to those let him depart. 4 Yea, the first followers of Law, Law's pure and holy strengtheners, The Fathers, Yama! Fervour-moved,even to those let him depart. 5 Skilled in a thousand ways and means, the sages who protect the Sun, The Rsis, Yama! Fervour-moved,-even to those let him depart. HYMN CLV. Various. 1. ARAYI, one-eyed limping hag, fly, ever-screeching, to the hill. We frighten thee away with these, the heroes of Sirimbitha. 2 Scared from this place and that is she, destroyer of each germ unborn. Go, sharp-horned Brahmanaspti and drive Arayi far away. 3 Yon log that floats without a man to guide it on the river's edge,- Seize it, thou thing with hideous jaws, and go thou far away thereon. 4 When, foul with secret stain and spot, ye hastened onward to the breast, All Indra's enemies were slain and passed away like froth and foam. 5 These men have led about the cow, have duly carried Agni round, And raised their glory tg the Gods. Who will attack them with success? HYMN CLVI. Agni. 1. LET songs of ours speed Agni forth like a fleet courser in the race, And we will win each prize through him. 2 Agni the dart whereby we gain kine for ourselves with help from thee,- That send us for the gain of wealth. 3 O Agni, bring us wealth secure, vast wealth in horses and in kine: Oil thou the socket, turn the wheel.

Oil thou the socket, turn the wheel. 4 O Agni, thou hast made the Sun, Eternal Star, to mount the sky, Bestowing light on living men. 5 Thou, Agni, art the people's light, best, dearest, seated in thy shrine: Watch for the singer, give him life. HYMN CLVII. Visvedevas. 1. WE will, with Indra and all Gods to aid us, bring these existing worlds into subjection. 2 Our sacrifice, our bodies, and our offspr. let Indra form together with Adityas. 3 With the Adityas, with the band of Maruts, may Indra be Protector of our bodies. 4 As when the Gods came, after they had slaughtered the Asuras, keeping safe their Godlike nature, 5 Brought the Sun hitherward with mighty powers, and looked about them on their vigorous Godhead. HYMN CLVIII. Surya. 1. MAY Surya guard us out of heaven, and Vata from the firmament, And Agni from terrestrial spots. 2 Thou Savitar whose flame deserves hundred libations, be thou pleased: From failing lightning keep us safe. 3 May Savitar the God, and may Parvata also give us sight; May the Creator give us sight. 4 Give sight unto our eye, give thou our bodies sight that they may see: May we survey, discern this world. 5 Thus, Surya, may we look on thee, on thee most lovely to behold, See clearly with the eyes of men. HYMN CLIX. Saci Paulomi. 1. YON Sun hath mounted up, and this my happy fate hate mounted high. I knowing this, as conqueror have won my husband for mine own.

I knowing this, as conqueror have won my husband for mine own. 2 I am the banner and the head, a mighty arbitress am I: I am victorious, and my Lord shall be submissive to my will. 3 My Sons are slayers of the foe, my Daughter is a ruling Queen: I am victorious: o'er my Lord my song of triumph is supreme. 4 Oblation, that which Indra gave and thus grew glorious and most high,- This have I offered, O ye Gods, and rid me of each rival wife. 5 Destroyer of the rival wife, Sole Spouse, victorious, conqueror, The others' glory have I seized as 'twere the wealth of weaker Dames. 6 I have subdued as conqueror these rivals, these my fellow-wives, That I may hold imperial sway over this Hero and the folk. HYMN CLX. Indra. 1. TASTE this strong draught enriched with offered viands: with all thy chariot here unyoke thy Coursers. Let not those other sacrificers stay thee, Indra: these juices shed for thee are ready. 2 Thine is the juice effused, thine are the juices yet to be pressed: our resonant songs invite thee. O Indra, pleased to-day with this libation, come, thou who knowest all and drink the Soma. 3 Whoso, devoted to the God, effuses Soma for him with yearning heart and spirit,- Never doth Indra give away his cattle: for him he makes the lovely Soma famous. 4 He looks with Ioving favour on the mortal who, like a rich man, pours for him the Soma. Maghavan in his bended arm supports him: he slays, unasked, the men who hate devotion.

Maghavan in his bended arm supports him: he slays, unasked, the men who hate devotion. 5 We call on thee to come to us, desirous of goods and spoil, of cattle, and of horses. For thy new love and favour are we present: let us invoke thee, Indra, as our welfare. HYMN CLXI. Indra. 1. FOR life I set thee free by this oblation from the unknown decline and from Consumption; Or, if the grasping demon have possessed him, free him from her, O Indra, thou and Agni. 2 Be his days ended, be he now departed, be he brought very near to death already, Out of Destruction's lap again I bring him, save him for life to last a hundred autumns. 3 With hundred-eyed oblation, hundred-autumned, bringing a hundred lives, have I restored him, That Indra for a hundred years may lead him safe to the farther shore of all misfortune. 4 Live, waxing in thy strength, a hundred autumns, live through a hundred springs, a hundred winters. Through hundred-lived oblation Indra, Agni, Brhaspati, Savitar yield him for a hundred! 5 So have I found and rescued thee thou hast returned with youth renewed. Whole in thy members! I have found thy sight and all thy life for thee. HYMN CLXII. Agni 1. MAY Agni, yielding to our prayer, the Raksas-slayer, drive away The malady of evil name that hath beset thy labouring womb. 2 Agni, concurring in the prayer, drive off the eater of the flesh, The malady of evil name that hath attacked thy babe and womb.

The malady of evil name that hath attacked thy babe and womb. 3 That which destroys the sinking germ, the settled, moving embryo, That which will kill the babe at birth,even this will we drive far away. 4 That which divides thy legs that it may lie between the married pair, That penetrates and licks thy side,-even this will we exterminate. 5 What rests by thee in borrowed form of brother, lover, or of lord, And would destroy thy Progeny,-even this will we exterminate. 6 That which through sleep or darkness hath deceived thee and lies down by thee, And will destroy thy progeny,--even this will we exterminate. HYMN CLXIII 1. FROM both thy nostrils, from thine eyes, from both thine ears and from thy chin, Forth from thy head and brain and tongue I drive thy malady away. 2 From the neck-tendons and the neck, from the breast-bones and from the spine, From shoulders, upper, lower arms, I drive thy malady away. 3 From viscera and all within, forth from the rectum, from the heart, From kidneys, liver, and from spleen, I drive thy malady away. 4 From thighs, from knee-caps, and from heels, and from the forepart of the feet, From hips from stomach, and from groin I drive thy malady away. 5 From what is voided from within, and from thy hair, and from they nails, From all thyself from top to toe, I drive thy malady away. 6 From every member, every hair, disease that comes in every joint, From all thyself, from top to toe, I drive thy malady away.

From all thyself, from top to toe, I drive thy malady away. HYMN CLXIV. Dream-charm. 1. AVAUNT, thou Master of the mind Depart, and vanish far away. Look on Destruction far from hence. The live man's mind is manifold. 2 A happy boon do men elect, a mighty blessing they obtain. Bliss with Vaivasvata they see. The live man's mind seeks many a place. 3 If by address, by blame, by imprecation we have committed sin, awake or sleeping, All hateful acts of ours, all evil doings may Agni bear away to distant places. 4 When, Indra, Brahmanaspati, our deeds are wrongful and unjust, May provident Angirasa prevent our foes from troubling, us. 5 We have prevailed this day and won: we are made free from sin and guilt. Ill thoughts, that visit us awake or sleeping, seize the man we hate, yea, seize the man who hateth us. HYMN CLXV. Visvedevas. 1. GODS, whatsoe'er the Dove came hither seeking, sent to us as the envoy of Destruction, For that let us sing hymns and make atonement. Well be it with our quadrupeds and bipeds. 2 Auspicious be the Dove that hath been sent us, a harmless bird, ye Gods, within our dwelling. May Agni, Sage, be pleased with our oblation, and may the Missile borne on wings avoid us. 3 Let not the Arrow that hath wings distract us: beside the fire-place, on the hearth it settles. May, it bring welfare to our men and cattle: here let the Dove, ye Gods, forbear to harm us. 4 The screeching of the owl is ineffective and when beside the fire the Dove hath settled,

4 The screeching of the owl is ineffective and when beside the fire the Dove hath settled, To him who sent it hithcr as an envoy, to him be reverence paid, to Death, to Yama. 5 Drive forth the Dove, chase it with holy verses: rejoicing, bring ye hither food and cattle, Barring the way against all grief and trouble. Let the swift bird fly forth and leave us vigour. HYMN CLXVI. Sapatnanasanam. 1. MAKE me a bull among my peers, make me my rivals, conqueror: Make me the slayer of my foes, a sovran ruler, lord of kine 2 I am my rivals' slayer, like Indra unwounded and unhurt, And all these enemies of mine are vanquished and beneath my feet. 3 Here, verily, I bind you fast, as the two bow-ends with the string. Press down these men, O Lord of Speech, that they may humbly speak to me. 4 Hither I came as conqueror with mighty all-effecting power, And I have mastered all your thought, your synod, and your holy work. 5 May I be highest, having gained your strength in war, your skill in peace my feet have trodden on your heads. Speak to me from beneath my feet, as frogs from out the water croak, as frogs from out the water croak. HYMN CLXVII. Indra. 1. THIS pleasant meath, O Indra, is effused for thee: thou art the ruling Lord of beaker and of juice. Bestow upon us wealth with many hero sons: thou, having glowed with Fervour, wortnest heavenly light. 2 Let us call Sakra to libations here effused, winner of light who joyeth in the potent juice.

2 Let us call Sakra to libations here effused, winner of light who joyeth in the potent juice. Mark well this sacrifice of ours and come to us: we pray to Maghavan the Vanquisher of hosts. 3 By royal Soma's and by Varuna's decree, under Brhaspati's and Anumati's guard, This day by thine authority, O Maghavan, Maker, Disposer thou! have I enjoyed the jars. 4 1, too, urged on, have had my portion, in the bowl, and as first Prince I drew forth this my hymn of praise, When with the prize I came unto the flowing juice, O Visvamitra, Jamadagni, to your home. HYMN CLXVIII. Vayu. 1. O THE Wind's chariot, O its power and glory! Crashing it goes and hath a voice of thunder. It makes the regions red and touches heaven, and as it moves the dust of earth is scattered. 2 Along the traces of the Wind they hurry, they come to him as dames to an assembly. Borne on his car with these for his attendants, the God speeds forth, the universe's Monarch. 3 Travelling on the paths of air's midregion, no single day doth he take rest or slumber. Holy and earliest-born, Friend of fhe waters, where did he spring and from what region came he? 4 Germ of the world, the Deities' vital spirit, this God moves ever as his will inclines him. His voice is heard, his shape is ever viewless. Let us adore this Wind with our oblation. HYMN CLXIX. COWS. 1. MAY the wind blow upon our Cows with healing: may they eat herbage full of vigorous juices.

1. MAY the wind blow upon our Cows with healing: may they eat herbage full of vigorous juices. May they drink waters rich in life and fatness: to food that moves on feet be gracious, Rudra. 2 Like-coloured, various-hued, or single-coloured, whose names through sacrifice are known to Agni, Whom the Angirases produced by Fervour,vouchsafe to these, Parjanya, great protection. 3 Those who have offered to the Gods their bodies, whose varied forms are all well known to Soma,- Those grant us in our cattle-pen, O Indra, with their full streams of milk and plenteous offspring. 4 Prajapati, bestowing these upon me, one-minded with all Gods and with the Fathers, Hath to our cow-pen brought auspicious cattle: so may we own the offspring they will bear us. HYMN CLXX. Surya. 1. MAY the Bright God drink glorious Soma-mingled meath, giving the sacrifice's lord uninjured life; He who, wind-urged, in person guards our offspring well, hath nourished them with food and shines o'er many a land. 2 Radiant, as high Truth, cherished, best at winning strength, Truth based upon the statute that supports the heavens, He rose, a light, that kills Vrtras and enemies, best slayer of the Dasyus, Asuras, and foes. 3 This light, the best of lights, supreme, all-conquering, winner of riches, is exalted with high laud. All-lighting, radiant, mighty as the Sun to see, he spreadeth wide unfailing victory and strength.

All-lighting, radiant, mighty as the Sun to see, he spreadeth wide unfailing victory and strength. 4 Beaming forth splendour with thy light, thou hast attained heaven's lustrous realm. By thee were brought together all existing things, possessor of all Godhead, All-effecting God. HYMN CLXXI. Indra. 1. FOR Ita's sake who pressed the juice, thou, Indra, didst protect his car, And hear the Soma-giver's call. 2 Thou from his skin hast borne the head of the swift-moving combatant, And sought the Soma-pourer's home. 3 Venya, that mortal man, hast thou, for Astrabudhna the devout, O Indra, many a time set free. 4 Bring, Indra, to the east again that Sun who now is in the west, Even against the will of Gods. HYMN CLXXII. Dawn. 1. WITH all thy beauty come: the kine approaching with full udders follow on thy path. 2 Come with kind thoughts, most liberal, rousing the warrior's hymn of praise, with bounteous ones, 3 As nourishers we tie the thread, and, liberal with our bounty, offer sacrifice. 4 Dawn drives away her Sister's gloom, and, through her excellence, makes her retrace her path. HYMN CLXXIII. The King. 1. BE with us; I have chosen thee: stand stedfast and immovable. Let all the people wish for thee let not thy kingship fall away. 2 Be even here; fall not away be like a mountain unremoved. Stand stedfast here like Indra's self, and hold the kingship in the grasp. 3 This man hath Indra stablished, made secure by strong oblation's power.

3 This man hath Indra stablished, made secure by strong oblation's power. May Soma speak a benison, and Brahmanaspati, on him. 4 Firm is the sky and firm the earth, and stedfast also are these hills. Stedfast is all this living world, and stedfast is this King of men. 5 Stedfast, may Varuna the King, stedfast, the God Brhaspati, Stedfast, may Indra, stedfast too, may Agni keep thy stedfast reign. 6 On constant Soma let us think with constant sacrificial gift And then may Indra make the clans bring tribute unto thee alone. HYMN CLXXIV. The King. 1. WITH offering for success in fight whence Indra was victorious. With this, O Brahmanaspati, let us attain to royal sway. 2 Subduing those who rival us, subduing all malignities, Withstand the man who menaces, withstand the man who angers us. 3 Soma and Savitar the God have made thee a victorious King All elements have aided thee, to make thee general conqueror. 4 Oblation, that which Indra. gave and thus grew glorious and most high,- This have I offered, Gods! and hence now, verily, am rivalless. 5 Slayer of rivals, rivalless, victorious, with royal sway, Over these beings may I rule, may I be Sovran of the folk. HYMN CLXXV. Press-stones. I. MAY Savitar the God, O Stones, stir you according to the Law: Be harnessed to the shafts, and press. 2 Stones, drive calamity away, drive ye away malevolence: Make ye the Cows our medicine. 3 Of one accord the upper Stones, giving the Bull his bull-like strength,

3 Of one accord the upper Stones, giving the Bull his bull-like strength, Look down with pride on those below. 4 May Savitar the God, O Stones, stir you as Law commands for him Who sacrifices, pouring juice. HYMN CLXXVI. Agni. 1. WITH hymns of praise their sons have told aloud the Rbhus' mighty deeds. Who, all-supporting, have enjoyed the earth as, twere a mother cow. 2 Bring forth the God with song divine, being Jatavedas hitherward, To bear our gifts at once to heaven. 3 He here, a God-devoted Priest, led forward comes to sacrifice. Like a car covered for the road, he, glowing, knows, himself, the way. 4 This Agni rescues from distress, as 'twere from the Immortal Race, A God yet mightier than strength, a God who hath been made for life. HYMN CLXXVII. Mayabheda. 1. THE sapient with their spirit and their mind behold the Bird adorned with all an Asura's magic might. Sages observe him in the ocean's inmost depth: the wise disposers seek the station of his rays. 2 The flying Bird bears Speech within his spirit: erst the Gandharva in the womb pronounced it: And at the seat of sacrifice the sages cherish this radiant, heavenly-bright invention. 3 I saw the Herdsman, him who never resteth, approaching and departing on his pathways. He, clothed in gathered and diffusive splendour, within the worlds continually travels. HYMN CLXXVIII. Tarksya. 1. THIS very mighty one whom Gods commission, the Conqueror of cars, ever triumphant,

1. THIS very mighty one whom Gods commission, the Conqueror of cars, ever triumphant, Swift, fleet to battle, with uninjured fellies, even Tarksya for our weal will we call hither. 2 As though we offered up our gifts to Indra, may we ascend. him as a ship. for safety. Like the two wide worlds, broad, deep far-extended, may we be safe both when he comes and leaves you. 3 He who with might the Five Lands hath pervaded, like Surya with his lustre, and the waters- His strength wins hundreds, thousands none avert it, as- the young maid repelleth not her lover. HYMN CLXXIX. Indra. 1. Now lift ye up yourselves and look on Indra's seasonable share. If it be ready, offer it; unready, ye have been remise. 2 Oblation is prepared: come to us, Indra; the Sun hath travelled over half his journey. Friends with their stores are sitting round thee waiting like lords of clans for the tribe's wandering chieftain. 3 Dressed in the udder and on fire, I fancy; well-dressed, I fancy, is this recent present. Drink, Indra, of the curd of noon's libation with favour, Thunderer, thou whose deeds are mighty. HYMN CLXXX. Indra. 1. O MUCH-INVOKED, thou hast subdued thy foemen: thy might is loftiest; here display thy bounty. In thy right hand, O Indra, bring us treasures: thou art the Lord of rivers filled with riches. 2 Like a dread wild beast roaming on the mountain thou hast approached us from the farthest distance.

2 Like a dread wild beast roaming on the mountain thou hast approached us from the farthest distance. Whetting thy bold and thy sharp blade, O Indra, crush thou the foe and scatter those who hate us. 3 Thou, mighty Indra, sprangest into being as strength for lovely lordship o'er the people. Thou drovest off the folk who were unfriendly, and to the Gods thou gavest room and freedom. HYMN CLXXXl. Visvedevas. 1. VASISTHA mastered the Rathantara, took it from radiant Dhatar, Savitar, and Visnu, Oblation, portion of fourfold oblation, known by the names of Saprathas and Prathas. 2. These sages found what lay remote and hidden, the sacrifice's loftiest secret essence. From radiant Dhatar, Savitar, and Visnu, from Agni, Bharadvaja brought the Brhat. 3 They found with mental eyes the earliest Yajus, a pathway to the Gods, that had descended. From radiant Dhitar, Savitar, and Visnu, from Surya did these sages bring the Gharma. HYMN CLXXXII. Brhaspati. 1. BRHASPATI lead us safely over troubless and turn his evil thought against the sinner; Repel the curse, and drive away ill-feeling, and give the sacrificer peace and cornfort! 2 May Naratarhsa aid us at Prayaja: blest be our Anuyaja at invokings. May he repel the curse, and chase ill-feeling, and give the sacrificer peace and comfort. 3 May he whose head is flaming burn the demons, haters of prayer, so that the arrow slay them. May he repel the curse and chase ill-feeling, and give the sacrificer peace and comfort.

May he repel the curse and chase ill-feeling, and give the sacrificer peace and comfort. HYMN CLXXXIII. The Sacrificer, Etc. 1. I SAW thee meditating in thy spirit what sprang from Fervour and hath thence developed. Bestowing offspring here, bestowing riches, spread in thine offspring, thou who cravest children. 2 I saw thee pondering in thine heart, and praying that in due time thy body might be fruitful. Come as a youthful woman, rise to meet me: spread in thine offspring, thou who cravest children. 3 In plants and herbs, in all existent beings I have deposited the germ of increase. All progeny on earth have I engendered, and sons in women who will be hereafter. HYMN CLXXXIV. 1. MAY Visnu form and mould the womb, may Tvastar duly shape the forms, Prajapati infuse the stream, and Dhatar lay the germ for thee. 2 O Sinivali, set the germ, set thou the germ, Sarasvati: May the Twain Gods bestow the germ, the Asvins crowned with lotuses. 3 That which the Asvins Twain rub forth with the attrition-sticks of gold,- That germ of thine we invocate, that in the tenth month thou mayst bear. HYMN CLXXXV. Aditi. 1. GREAT, unassailable must he the heavenly favour of' Three Gods, Varuna, Mitra, Aryaman. 2 O'er these, neither at home nor yet abroad or pathways that are Strange, The evil-minded foe hath power 3 Nor over him,. the man on whom the Sons of Aditi bestow Eternal light that he may live.

3 Nor over him,. the man on whom the Sons of Aditi bestow Eternal light that he may live. HYMN CLXXXVI. Vayu. 1. FILLING our hearts with health and joy, may Vata breathe his balm on us May he prolong our days of life. 2 Thou art our Father, Vata, yea, thou art a Brother and a friend, So give us strength that we may live. 3 The store of Amrta laid away yonder, O Vata, in thine home,- Give us thereof that we may live. HYMN CLXXXVII. Agni. 1. To Agni send I forth my song, to him the Bull of all the folk: So may he bear us past our foes. 2 Who from the distance far away shines brilliantly across the wastes: So may he bear us past our foes. 3 The Bull with brightly-gleaming flame who utterly consumes the fiends So may he bear us past our foes. 4 Who looks on all existing things and comprehends them with his view: So may he bear us past our foes. 5 Resplendent Agni, who was born in farthest region of the air: So may he bear us past our foes. HYMN CLXXXVIII. Agni. 1. Now send ye Jatavedas forth, send hitherward the vigorous Steed To seat him on our sacred grass. 2. I raise the lofty eulogy of Jatavedas, raining boons, With sages for his hero band. 3 With flames of Jatavedas which carry oblation to the Gods, May he promote our sacrifice. HYMN CLXXXIX. Surya. 1. THIS spotted Bull hath come, and sat before the Mother in the east, Advancing to his Father heaven. 2 Expiring when he draws his breath, she moves along the lucid spheres:

2 Expiring when he draws his breath, she moves along the lucid spheres: The Bull shines out through all the sky. 3 Song is bestowed upon the Bird: it rules supreme through thirty realms Throughout the days at break of morn. HYMN CXC. Creation. 1. FROM Fervour kindled to its height Eternal Law and Truth were born: Thence was the Night produced, and thence the billowy flood of sea arose. 2 From that same billowy flood of sea the Year was afterwards produced, Ordainer of the days nights, Lord over all who close the eye. 3 Dhatar, the great Creator, then formed in due order Sun and Moon. He formed in order Heaven and Earth, the regions of the air, and light. HYMN CXCI. Agni. 1. THOU, mighty Agni, gatherest up all that is precious for thy friend. Bring us all treasures as thou art enkindled in libation's place 2 Assemble, speak together: let your minds be all of one accord, As ancient Gods unanimous sit down to their appointed share. 3 The place is common, common the assembly, common the mind, so be their thought united. A common purpose do I lay before you, and worship with your general oblation. 4 One and the same bt your resolve, and be your minds of one accord. United be the thoughts of all that all may happily agree. APPENDIX I. PAGE 87, HYMN CXXVI. I subjoin a Latin version of the two stanzas omitted in my trauslation. They are in a different metre from the rest of the hymn, have no apparent connexion with what precedes, and look like a fragment of a liberal shepherd's love-song. The seventh stanza should, it seems, precede the sixth:

I subjoin a Latin version of the two stanzas omitted in my trauslation. They are in a different metre from the rest of the hymn, have no apparent connexion with what precedes, and look like a fragment of a liberal shepherd's love-song. The seventh stanza should, it seems, precede the sixth: 6 [Ille loquitur]. Adhaerens, arcte adhaerens, illa quac mustelae similis se abdidit, multum humorem effundens, dat mihi complexuum centum gaudia. 7 [Illa loquitur]. Prope, prope accede; molliter me tange. Ne putes pilos corporis mei-paucos esse: tota sum villosa sicut Gandharidum ovis. Professor Ludwig thinks that (multurn humorem, i.e., semen genitale, effundens) may be the name of a slave-girl. Gandharidun ovis: a ewe of the Gandharis. The country of Gandhara is placed by Lassen to the west of the Indus and to the south of the Kophen or Kabul river. King Darius in a rock-inscription mentions the Ga(n)dara together with the Hi(n)du as people subject to him, and the Gandarii, together with the Parthians, Khorasmians, Sogdians, and Dadikae, are said by Herodotus to have formed part of the army of Xerxes. The name of the country is preserved in the modern Kandahar. See Muir, O.S. Texts, ii. 342, and Zimmer, Altindisches Leben, p. 30. PAGE 221, HYMN CLXXIX. The deified object of this omitted hymn is said to be Rati or Love, and its Rsis or authors are Lopamudrd, Agastya, and a disciple. Lopamudra is represented as inviting the caresses of her aged husband Agastya, and complaining of his coldness and neglect. Agastya responds in stanza 3, and in the second half of stanza 4 the disciple or the poet briefly tells the result of the dialogue. Stanza 5 is supposed to be spoken by the disciple who has overheard the conversation, but its connexion with the rest of the hymn is not very apparent. In stanza 6 'toiling with strong endeavour' is a paraphrase and not a translation of the original khanamanah khanitraib (ligonibus fodiens) which Sayana explains by 'obtaining the desired result by means of lauds and sacrifices.'

M. Bergaigne is of opinion that the hymn has a mystical meaning, Agastya being identifiable with the celestial Soma whom Lopamudra, representing fervent Prayer, succeeds after long labour in drawing down from his secret dwelling place. See La Religion Vedique, ii. 394 f. 1 'Through many autumns have I toiled and laboured, at night and morn, through age-inducing dawnings. Old age impairs the beauty of our bodies. Let husbands still come near unto their spouses. 2 For even the men aforetime, law-fulfillers, who with the Gods declared eternal statutes,-- They have decided, but have not accomplished: so now let Wives come near unto their husbands. 3 Non inutilis est labor cui Dii favent: nos omnes aemulos et aemulas vincamus. Superemus in hac centum artium pugna in qua duas partes convenientes utrinque commovemus. 4 Cupido me cepit illius tauri [viri] qui me despicit, utrum hinc utrum illinc ab aliqua parte nata sit. Lopamudra taururn [mariturn suum] ad se detrahit: insipiens illa sapientem anhelantern absorbet. 5 This Soma I address that is most near us, that which hath been imbibed within the spirit, To pardon any sins we have committed. Verily mortal man is full of longings. 6 Agastya thus, toiling with strong endeavour, wishing for children, progeny and. power, Cherished - a sage of mighty strength - both classes, and with the Gods obtained his prayer's fulfilment. By 'both classes' probably priests and princes, or institutors of sacrifices, are meant. M. Bergaigne understands the expression to mean the two forms or essences of Soma, the celestial and the terrestrial.

By 'both classes' probably priests and princes, or institutors of sacrifices, are meant. M. Bergaigne understands the expression to mean the two forms or essences of Soma, the celestial and the terrestrial. 5 Membrum suum virile, quod vrotentum fuerat, mas ille retraxit. Rursus illud quod in juvenem filiam sublatum fuerat, non aggressurus, ad se rerahit. 6 Quum jam in medio connessu, semiperfecto opere, amorem in puellam pater impleverat, ambo discedentes seminis paulum in terrae superficiem sacrorum sede effusum emiserunt. 7 Quum pater suam nilam adiverat, cum ed congressus suum semen supra wrrarn effudit. Tum Dii benigni precem (brahma) prgeduerunt, et Vastoshpatim, legum sacrarum custodem, formaverunt. 8 Ille tauro similis spumam in certamine jactavit, tunc discedens pusillaximis huc profectus est. Quasi dextro pede claudus processit, "inutiles fuerunt illi mei complexus," ita locutus. 9 'The fire, burning the people, does not approach quickly (by day): the naked (Rakasas approach) not Agni by night; the giver of fuel, and the giver of food, he, the upholder (of the rite), is born, overcoming enemies by his might.' PAGE 619, HYMN CVI I borrow Wilson's translation of the omitted stanzas. 5 'You are like two pleasantly moving well-fed (hills) like Mitra and Varuna, the two bestowers of felicity, veracious, possessors of infinite wealth, happy, like two horses plump with fodder, abiding in the firmament, like two rams (are you) to be nourished with sacrificial food, to be cherished (with oblations).

5 'You are like two pleasantly moving well-fed (hills) like Mitra and Varuna, the two bestowers of felicity, veracious, possessors of infinite wealth, happy, like two horses plump with fodder, abiding in the firmament, like two rams (are you) to be nourished with sacrificial food, to be cherished (with oblations). 6 'You are like two mad elephants bending their forequarters and smiting the foe, like the two sons of Nitosa destroying (foes), and cherishing (friends); you are bright as two water-born (jewels), do you, who are victorious, (render) my decaying mortal body free from decay. 7 'Fierce (Asvins), like two powerful (heroes), you enable this moving, perishable mortal (frame) to cross over to the objects (of its destination) as over water; extremely strong, like the Rbhus, your chariot, attained its destination swift as the wind, it pervaded (everywhere), it dispensed riches. 8 'With your bellies full of the Soma, like two saucepans, preservers of wealth, destroyers of enemies. (you are) armed with hatchets, moving like two flying (birds) with forms like the moon, attaining success through the mind, like two laudable beings, (you are) approaching (the sacrifice).' PAGE 645, HYMN CLXII. 1. MAY Agni, yielding to our prayer, the Raksas-slayer, drive away The malady of evil name that hath beset thy labouring womb. 2 Agni, concurring in the prayer, drive off the eater of the flesh,

2 Agni, concurring in the prayer, drive off the eater of the flesh, The malady of evil name that hath attacked thy babe and womb. 3 That which destroys the sinking germ, the settled, moving embryo, That which will kill the babe at birth,even this will we drive far away. 4 That which divides thy legs that it may lie between the married pair, That penetrates and licks thy side,-even this will we exterminate. 5 What rests by thee in borrowed form of brother, lover, or of lord, And would destroy thy Progeny,-even this will we exterminate. 6 That which through sleep or darkness hath deceived thee and lies down by thee, And will destroy thy progeny,--even this will we exterminate. PAGE 645, HYMN CLXIII 1. FROM both thy nostrils, from thine eyes, from both thine ears and from thy chin, Forth from thy head and brain and tongue I drive thy malady away. 2 From the neck-tendons and the neck, from the breast-bones and from the spine, From shoulders, upper, lower arms, I drive thy malady away. 3 From viscera and all within, forth from the rectum, from the heart, From kidneys, liver, and from spleen, I drive thy malady away. 4 From thighs, from knee-caps, and from heels, and from the forepart of the feet, From hips ' frorn stomach, and from groin I drive thy malady away. 5 From what is voided from within, and from thy hair, and from they nails, From all thyself from top to toe, I drive thy malady away.

From all thyself from top to toe, I drive thy malady away. 6 From every member, every hair, disease that comes in every joint, From all thyself, from top to toe, I drive thy malady away. PAGE 650, HYMN CLXXXIV. 1. MAY Visnu form and mould the womb, may Tvastar duly shape the forms, Prajapati infuse the stream, and Dhatar lay the germ for thee. 2 O Sinivali, set the germ, set thou the germ, Sarasvati: May the Twain Gods bestow the germ, the Asvins crowned with lotuses. 3 That which the Asvins Twain rub forth with the attrition-sticks of gold,- That germ of thine we invocate, that in the tenth month thou mayst bear. APPENDIX II. METRE. Rhyme is not used in the Rgveda. The metres are regulated by the number of syllables in the stanza, which consists generally of three or four Padas, measures, divisions, or quarter verses, with a distinctly marked interval at the end of the second Pada, and so forming two hemistichs or semi-stanzas of equal or unequal length. These Padas most usually contain eight or eleven or twelve syllables each; but occasionally they consist of fewer and sometimes of more than these numbers. The Padas of a stanza are generally of equal length and of more or less corresponding prosodial quantities: but sornetimes two ox more kinds of metre are employed in one stanza, and then the Padas vary in quantity and length. As regards quantity, the first Syllables of the Pada are not subject to very strict laws, but the last four are more regular, their measure being generally iambic in Padas of eight and of twelve syllables and trochaic in those of eleven. In the printed text the first and second Padas form one line, and the third, or third and fourth, or third, fourth, and fifth, complete the distich or stanza. This arrangement I have followed in my translation.

Subjoined, in alphabetical arrangement, are the names, with brief descriptions, of the metres used in the Hymns of the Rgveda. The Index of Hymns will show the metre or metres employed in each Hymn. Abhtisarini: a species of Trstup, in which two Padas contain twelve instead of eleven syllables. Amstup or Anustubh: consisting of four Padas of eight syllables each, two Padas forming a line. This is the prevailing form of metre in the Manava-dharma-sastra, the Mahabharata, the Ramayana, and the Puranas. Anustubgarbha: a metre of the Usnih class: the first Pada containing five syllables, and the three following Padas of eight syllables each. Anustup Pipilikamadhya: a species of Anustup, having the second Pada shorter than the first and third (8 syllables+ 4+8+ 8). Asti: consisting of four Padas of Sixteen syllables each, or sixty-four syllables in the stanza. Astrapaikti: consisting of two Padas of eight syllables each, followed by two Padas of twelve syllables each. Atidhrti: four Padas of nineteen syllables each, = 76 syllables. Atijagati: four Padas of thirteen syllables each. Atincrti: consisting of three Padas containing respectively seven, six, and seven syllables. Atisakvari: four Padas of fifteen syllables each. Atyasti: four Padas of seventeen syllables each. Brhati: four Padas ( 8 + 8 + 12 + 8) containing 36 syllables in the stanza. Caturvimsatika Dvipada: a Dvipada containing 24 syllables instead of 20.

Caturvimsatika Dvipada: a Dvipada containing 24 syllables instead of 20. Dhrti: consisting of seventy-two syllables in a stanza. Dvipada Viraj: a species of Gayatri consisting of two Padas only (12+8 or 10+10 syllables); inadequately represented in the translation by two decasyllabic iambic lines. Ekapada Tristup: a Trstup consisting of a single Pada or quarter stanza. Ekapada Viraj: a Viraj consisting of a single Pada. Gayatri: the stanza usually consists of twenty-four syllables, variously arranged, but generally as a triplet of three Padas of eight syllables each, or in one line of sixteen syllables and a second line of eight. There are eleven varieties of this metre, and the number of syllables in the stanza varies accordingly from nineteen to thirty-three. Jagati: a metre consisting of forty-eight syllables arranged in four Padas of twelve syllables each, two Padas forming a line or hemistich which in the translation is represented by a double Alexandrine. Kakup or Kakubh: a metre of three Padas consisting of eight, twelve, and eight syllables respectively. Kakubh Nyakusira; consisting of three Padas of 9+12+4 syllables. Krti: a metre of four Padas. of twenty syllables each. Madhyejyotis: a metre in which a Pada of eight syllables stands between two Padas of twelve. Mahibrhati: four Padas of eight syllables each, followed by one of twelve. Mahapadapankti: a two-lined metre of thirtyone syllables, the first line consisting of four Padas of five syllables each, and the second being a Tristup of the usual eleven syllables. See Vedic Hymns, part 1. (S. Books of the East, XXXII), p. xcviii.

Mahapadapankti: a two-lined metre of thirtyone syllables, the first line consisting of four Padas of five syllables each, and the second being a Tristup of the usual eleven syllables. See Vedic Hymns, part 1. (S. Books of the East, XXXII), p. xcviii. Mahapankti: a metre of forty-eight syllables 8 x 6 or 12 x 4. Mahasatobrhati: a lengthened form of Satobrhati. Nastarupi: a variety of Anustup. Nyankusarini: a metre of four Padas of 8 + 12 + 8 + 8 syllables. Padanicrt: a variety of Gayatri in which one syllable is wanting in each Pada: 7+3=21 syllables. Padapankti: a metre consisting of five Padas of five syllables each. Pankti: a metre of five octosyllabic Padas, like Anustup with an additional Pada. Panktyuttara: a metre which ends with a Pankti of 5 + 5 syllables. Pipilikamadhya: any metre the middle Pada of which is shorter than the preceding and the following. Pragatha: a metre in Book VIII, consisting of strophes combining two verses, viz. a Brhati or Kakup followed by a Satobrhati. Prastarapankti: a metre of forty syllables: 12+12+8+8 Pratistha: a metre of four Padas of four syllables each; also a variety of the Gayatri consisting of three Padas of eight, seven, and six syllables respectively. Purastadbrhati: a variety of Brhati with twelve syllables in the first Pada. Pura-usnih: a metre of three Padas, containing 12+8+8 syllables. Sakvari: a metre of four Padas of fourteen syllables each.

Satobrhati: a metre whose even Padas contain eight syllables each, and the uneven twelve: 12+8+12+8=40. Skandhogriva: consisting of Padas of 8 + 12 + 8 + 8 syllables. Tanusira: consisting of three Padas of 11 + 11 + 6 syllables. Tristup or Tristubh: a metre of four Padas of eleven syllables each. Uparistadbrhati: consisting of four Padas of 12 + 8 + 8 + 8 syllables. Uparistajjyotis: a Tristup stanza the last Pada of which contains only eight syllables. Urdhvabrhati: a variety of Brhati. Urobrhati: a variety of Brhati: 8+12 8 + 8 syllables. Usniggarbha: Gayatri of three Padas of six, seven, and eleven syllables respectively. Usnih: consisting of three Padas of 8 + 8 + 12 syllables. Vardhamana: a species of Gayatri; 6 + 7 + 8 21 syllables. Viparita: a metre of four Padas resembling Vistarapankti. Viradrupa: a Tristup metre of four Padas, 11 + 11 + 11 + 7 or 8 syllables. Viraj: a metre of four Padas of ten syllables each. Viratpurva: a variety of Tristup. Viratsthana: a variety of Tristup. Visamapada: metre of uneven stanzas. Vistarabrhati: a form of Brhati of four Padas containing 8 + 10 + 10 + 8= 36 syllables. Vistarapankti: a form of Pankti consisting of four padas of 8+12+12+8-40 syllables. Yavamadhya: a metre having a longer Pada between two shorter ones.